Efficient generation of conditional simulations by chebyshev matrix polynomial approximations to the symmetric square root of the covariance matrix     

C. R. Dietrich  G. N. Newsam 《Mathematical Geology》1995,27(2):207-228

Consider the problem of generating a realization y₁ of a Gaussian random field on a dense grid of points ₁ conditioned on field observations y₂ collected on a sparse grid of points ₂. An approach to this is to generate first an unconditional realization y over the grid =_{1 2}, and then to produce y₁ by conditioning y on the data y₂. As standard methods for generating y, such as the turning bands, spectral or Cholesky approaches can have various limitations, it has been proposed by M. W. Davis to generate realizations from a matrix polynomial approximations to the square root of the covariance matrix. In this paper we describe how to generate a direct approximation to the conditional realization y₁, on ₁ using a variant of Davis' approach based on approximation by Chebyshev polynomials. The resulting algorithm is simple to implement, numerically stable, and bounds on the approximation error are readily available. Furthermore we show that the conditional realization y₁ can be generated directly with a lower order polynomial than the unconditional realization y, and that further reductions can be achieved by exploiting a nugget effect if one is present. A pseudocode version of the algorithm is provided that can be implemented using the fast Fourier transform if the field is stationary and the grid ₁ is rectangular. Finally, numerical illustrations are given of the algorithm's performance in generating various 2-D realizations of conditional processes on large sampling grids.  相似文献   

THE INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS, NaHCO3,SOIL TYPE ON CHEMISTRY OF FLOODED SOILS AND RICE PLANT GROWTH     

Ir. Lahuddin M S Zulkifli Nasution 《湿地科学》2006,4(3):161-167

1 INTRODUCTIONQuality of chemical properties of flooded soils isgenerally determined by salinity and alkalinity,bothof these acts as inhibiting factors of plant growth.Thecorrelation of electrical conductivity and other analysisindex has been reported by …  相似文献   

T -distributed Random Fields: A Parametric Model for Heavy-tailedWell-log Data1     

Jo R?islien  Henning Omre 《Mathematical Geology》2006,38(7):821-849

Histograms of observations from spatial phenomena are often found to be more heavy-tailed than Gaussian distributions, which makes the Gaussian random field model unsuited. A T-distributed random field model with heavy-tailed marginal probability density functions is defined. The model is a generalization of the familiar Student-T distribution, and it may be given a Bayesian interpretation. The increased variability appears cross-realizations, contrary to in-realizations, since all realizations are Gaussian-like with varying variance between realizations. The T-distributed random field model is analytically tractable and the conditional model is developed, which provides algorithms for conditional simulation and prediction, so-called T-kriging. The model compares favourably with most previously defined random field models. The Gaussian random field model appears as a special, limiting case of the T-distributed random field model. The model is particularly useful whenever multiple, sparsely sampled realizations of the random field are available, and is clearly favourable to the Gaussian model in this case. The properties of the T-distributed random field model is demonstrated on well log observations from the Gullfaks field in the North Sea. The predictions correspond to traditional kriging predictions, while the associated prediction variances are more representative, as they are layer specific and include uncertainty caused by using variance estimates.  相似文献   

长春市强冰雪冻害天气系统及物理量特征     

汪秀清  杨雪艳  陈长胜  吴宪军 《地理科学》2006,26(3):364-368

应用1971~2000年长春气象站10月至次年3月的逐日降水量、气温资料以及相应的NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,通过对资料的统计分析,给出了确定长春市发生强冰雪冻害天气的标准;根据对36个历史个例的高低空环流形势的分析,建立了4种强冰雪冻害的天气概念模型:冷涡型、深槽型、浅槽型、锋区平直型;进一步分析了长春市冰雪冻害天气的物理量场、要素场的特征。  相似文献   

New results on the resistivity structure of Merapi Volcano (Indonesia), derived from three-dimensional restricted inversion of long-offset transient electromagnetic data     

Michael Commer  Stefan L. Helwig  reas Hördt  Carsten Scholl  Bülent Tezkan 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,167(3):1172-1187

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水稻灌区节水灌溉的尺度效应   总被引：13，自引：8，他引：13       下载免费PDF全文

董斌  崔远来  李远华 《水科学进展》2005,16(6):833-839

探讨了节水灌溉尺度问题,指出产生节水灌溉尺度现象的原因是由于灌溉过程中回归水的重复利用.结合漳河灌区的实际,讨论了水稻种植区在不同尺度下的水平衡要素及其在节水尺度效应中的作用;说明随尺度的增大,水平衡过程变得复杂化,节水尺度效应现象也更突出.利用漳河灌区田间试验数据和灌区长系列的历史资料,分别从田间、中等、灌溉干渠和灌区共四个尺度,定量地分析了水稻节水灌溉对水分生产率以及水分利用率的影响.结果表明,节水灌溉技术的采用不仅可以提高田间尺度的灌溉水分生产率,也促进了漳河灌区灌溉水分生产率的整体上升.  相似文献   

笛卡儿坐标系的双多普勒天气雷达三维风场反演技术   总被引：27，自引：9，他引：27  

周海光  张沛源 《气象学报》2002,60(5):585-593

文中研究了笛卡尔坐标系下双多普勒天气雷达三维风场反演技术 ,提出了包括雷达原始资料的预处理 ,空间插值以及可靠性检验的新方法 ,提高了反演结果的可信度和精确度。使用模拟的双多普勒雷达体扫资料进行了反演试验 ,结果表明 :本文的方法能够比较真实地反映风场的三维结构 ,可以用于真实风场的反演。  相似文献   

广西单季种植巴西旱稻的气候可行性研究分析     

何燕  吴毅杰  欧钊荣 《气象研究与应用》2002,23(4):48-50

根据巴西旱稻的生物学特性及其对气候条件基本要求,从气候角度对广西单季种植巴西旱稻的可行性进行论证分析,并提出巴西旱稻高产的技术措施建议,为广西推广巴西旱稻提供决策参考。  相似文献   

Understanding Perturbation on the Simplex: A Simple Method to Better Visualize and Interpret Compositional Data in Ternary Diagrams     

Hilmar von Eynatten  Vera Pawlowsky-Glahn  Juan José Egozcue 《Mathematical Geology》2002,34(3):249-257

Perturbation is an operation defined on the simplex and can be used for centering compositional data in a ternary diagram, applying objective criteria. Because a straight line in the original diagram is still astraight line in the perturbed diagram, gridlines or compositional fields defined by straight lines can easily be included in the operation. Simultaneous perturbation of data, gridlines, and/or compositional fields is shown to improve both visualization and graphical interpretation of compositions in ternary diagrams. This is illustrated by some examples using simulated as well as real data.  相似文献   

华北地台北缘地球物理场特征与金属矿床预测   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5       下载免费PDF全文

江为为  管志宁  郝天珧  黄临平 《地球物理学报》2002,45(2):233-245

对华北地台北缘的地球物理场特征进行了探讨,根据重、磁异常数据反演计算了该地区的莫霍界面、居里界面、磁性界面的起伏.利用地球物理场资料和反演计算结果对该地区的构造格架和断裂进行了推断,同时预测了9个成矿远景区:(1)集宁一呼和浩特金成矿区;(2)张家口一赤城金、银多金属成矿区;(3)密云一高岭金、铜成矿区;(4)青龙一马兰庄金成矿区;(5)秦皇岛、金多金属成矿区;(6)郝家营多金属成矿区;(7)承德地区金、多金属成矿区;(8)赤峰一喀喇沁旗金成矿区;(9)宁城东金、多金属成矿区.  相似文献